Radio Frequency (RF electromagnetic) Cancer Causation and Cure opening our Minds not closing our Hearts, by Dr Chris Barnes, Bangor Scientific and Educational Consultants, First Released into public domain in Beta form with no full reference list 4^th January 2017. E-mail manager@bsec-wales.co.uk

Short Abstract

In this paper I re-evaluate Geesink’s bio –soliton Clathrate RNA replicator hypothesis and how its links with both the primordial and modern day electromagnetic spectrum. I show perfect matches between Earth’s Schumann Resonance frequencies and Jovian Frequencies and Geesink’s condensates. Armed with this knowledge and re-evaluating what is known about the way certain radio frequencies disturb life processes as a result of a very huge number of studies, some occupational epidemiology, some TV/Radio antenna geospatial studies, some in vivo animal studies and some in vitro cell culture studies , has led me directly to the discovery of my own set of cancer treating frequencies (patents applied for) which almost miraculously appear to be able to replicate the modus operands of several different classes of cancer tumour treating drug. Depending on specific frequency condensates related with Geesink’s THZ RNA replicator frequencies treatments can be expected to be achieved at least equivalent to the following classes of cancer drug: Cell cycle Modulators, Calcium channel Blockers, ATP inhibitors, ROS modulators and tubulin polymerisation inhibitors. Further I also believe I can now also fully explain the cancer treating frequencies which have been used in an almost hap hazard manner by other groups previously only on the basis of obscure pulse rate biofeedback selection.

Long Abstract

This paper supplies logical proof of the chain of physical mechanisms involved in the hitherto not understood subtle field anti-cancer process.

Rife’s 1930’s RF microbe and cancer destruction technology is presented and discussed. Kirson (2007) also showed that similar fields inhibit by an anti-microtubule mechanism of action i.e. disruption of the mitotic spindle, cancerous cell growth in vitro. The spindle consists inter-alia of microtubules, electrically polar structures fulfilling Pohl’s prediction as prerequisites for generation of coherent oscillatory electric fields in the kHz to GHz region. Ephram concludes there is Limited Evidence of RF fields being Genotoxic at least from In-Vitro studies.

Adair (20030 acknowledges that energies of greater than KT could be reached for dielectric absorption into large free single cells of radius greater than 20 microns. Further, that energies approximating KT could be dumped into Biological systems at E FIELD strengths exceeding 200volt /metre. I raise additional mechanisms whereby non-thermal, non-ionising radiation can influence biological systems and cancer aetiology and provide hitherto non –established links and cite a catalogue of others’ experimental evidence constructed in logical progression to form complete and fully explainable experimentally tested and further future testable pathways for the influence of RF on mutations with regard to cancer causation and progression and additionally with regard to the mitotic spindle and tubulin polymerisation as a mode of cancer suppression. All this notwithstanding possible effects of RF on the immune system and T-cell populations.

It has long been established that dividing yeast cells emit bio fields. Further it is established there is a biological electric field gradient across wounded, cut or damaged tissue. The fact that bio-electromagnetic fields exist suggests that they ought to be able to be coupled to or influenced by external influence. A recent paper by Havas (2016) attempts to resolve the debate about whether non-ionizing radiation (NIR) can cause cancer–a debate that has been ongoing for decades. The rationale, put forward mostly by physicists and accepted by many health agencies, is that, “since NIR does not have enough energy to dislodge electrons, it is unable to cause cancer.” This argument is based on a flawed assumption and uses the model of ionizing radiation (IR) to explain NIR, which is inappropriate. Evidence of free-radical damage has been repeatedly documented among humans, animals, plants and microorganisms for both extremely low frequency (ELF) electromagnetic fields (EMF) and for radio frequency (RF) radiation, neither of which is ionizing. While IR directly damages DNA, NIR interferes with the oxidative repair mechanisms resulting in oxidative stress, damage to cellular components including DNA, and damage to cellular processes leading to cancer. Furthermore, free-radical damage (ROS) explains the increased cancer risks associated with mobile phone use, occupational exposure to NIR (ELF EMF and RFR), and residential exposure to power lines and RF transmitters including mobile phones, cell phone base stations, broadcast antennas, and radar installations. This is in strong support of my earlier work (2014).

Critically and as I proposed, other experimental results indicate the differences in dynamics of ultra-weak photon emission between cells exposed to magnetic field and controls cells. Ion cyclotron resonance predicts a resonant response of the bio-system to the magnetic field results also measured experimentally. Caligiuri has shown that Microtubule assembly is regulated by Ca2+-loaded calmodulin. Thus we now have a direct link between RF input, Calcium ion movement and staging of the microtubule assembly.

Some modern chemotherapy agents are tubulin polymerization disruptors. It is shown that electromagnetic absorption can achieve the same means to an end, thereby completing a complete physical picture and mechanism whereby subtle field/ subtle modulation cancer treatment systems actually work.

We can now begin to see why there should be exposure time, amplitude and frequency critical domains in different tissue and tumour types. For example some types of cancer cells are more acidic than normal cells, see Griffiths 1991 and Stubbs (2000). Stubbs comments that the acidic environment may lead to new treatment strategies. Certainly it will lead to different ion gradients and hence different cyclotron resonance frequencies. Likewise there will be different micro-environment for the mitotic spindle, different mechanical properties and stiffness and hence different resonance frequencies. Here and thus I propose this elegantly explains the hitherto totally unexplained observations of Barbault et al (2009). Resonance effects disrupting the mitotic spindle either by direct mechanical disturbance and/or via effects of cyclotron resonance on calcium ions. Polymerisation of tubulin is thus prevented so the cell cycle is halted and proliferation can no longer occur. Because tumour cell microenvironments and their cellular stiffness is different by cell line type, a different set of treatment frequencies is to be expected for each cancer type and healthy cells will be unaffected. This is exactly as is observed by Barbault et al (2009). Now that I have provided a proper physical basis for Barbault’s work I would hope these types of technology will be thoroughly and quickly developed to the benefit of all human kind. There is also no reason to suppose spin –offs for treating animal cancers will not be possible also. The icing on the cake comes with the present author’s re-evaluation of Geesink’s bio –soliton Clathrate RNA replicator hypothesis and its links with both the primordial and modern day electromagnetic spectrum. This leads directly to the discovery of my own set of cancer treating frequencies ( patents applied for) which almost miraculously appear to be able to replicate the modus operands of several different classes of tumour treating drug.

Introduction

The present author has published previously and extensively on the epidemiology, hazards and mechanisms of RF radiation with respect to cancer incidence and potential modes of causation. Because only about 50% of the very diverse works in the field to date necessarily conclude that RF radiation is hazardous, this has led to a range of misinformed and even sceptical conclusion. Those adjudging ranging from those who conclude that RF is completely safe to those who wholly dismiss any RF interaction whatsoever with biology. This is despite the fact that one cannot escape, for example, the fundamental Physics of dielectric absorption and displacement current in materials (Gabriel et al 1996)[1] . Let alone before one even starts to consider more complex concepts such as Frolich’s coherent vibrations( Frolich 1968) [2]. Such scepticism is in the author’s view clearly that of people with closed hearts and minds and such opinion has, also from the authors’ viewpoint, hindered the development of new RF based technologies for treating/curing cancer. Applying a little lateral thinking is useful. For instance if 50% of RF interactions with biology are negative there is just as much chance of the other 50% being positive than neutral or non –reactions. One doesn’t have to look very far in the scientific literature to find positive instances such as pulsed electromagnetic bone healing and the like, see for example but by no means exclusively, Basset 1989[3]. Then there are the reports which deal with changes in RF cancer thermotherapy strategy over the years and the evidence therein that switching from ablation at 49C down to ablation at 42C improved survival and prognosis, perhaps suggesting some non –thermal or coherent cytotoxic effects were taking place?

Most importantly, I will attempt to show that recently reported experimental results, E.G. those of, for example, Barbault et al (2009) [4] using non-ionising, non-thermal RF radiation to prolong the lives of terminal cancer patients together with in vitro conformation of effect and the eventual the eventual feasibility to treat and cure cancer with subtle field RF ( as opposed to thermal ablation methods ) is actually fully and directly supported by the above mentioned diverse range of observation with regard to causation to date. Moreover in this paper I will attempt to supply logical proof of the chain of physical mechanisms involved in the subtle field anti-cancer process.

I would ultimately envision a device not that unlike Star Trek’s ‘Tricorder’. Indeed, such a device was close to possibly close to realisation in the 1930’s, the so called Rife Machine. Rife claimed that cancer was caused by an two unknown microbes. Microbes covers bacteria, viruses and fungi. Indeed in more than one respect he was essentially correct. Firstly, the bacterium H-pylori is undisputedly associated with gastric cancer. Secondly, Human papilloma virus is indisputably associated with cancer. Most cancers of the vagina and anus are likewise caused by HPV, as are a fraction of cancers of the vulva, penis, and oropharynx. HPV-16 and -18 account for about 70% of cancers of the cervix, vagina, and anus and for about 30–40% of cancers of the vulva, penis, and oropharynx. Other cancers causally linked to HPV are non-melanoma skin cancer and cancer of the conjunctiva, see Munoz et al (2006) [5].

Finally systemic candida ( fungi) infection is found in a significant number of cancer patients, see for example, but not exclusively, Maksimiuk (1984) [6] and many other similar references! Rife claimed his machine which used a carrier frequency of 3.3 MHz and multiple KHz A.M. modulation frequencies could kill a number of bacteria and viruses including the ones allegedly causing cancer. Rife could use his machine either with a special microscope where he claimed he could observe bacterial death or in close proximity with human subjects. The machine produced about 50 watts of RF carrier wave coupled into a gas filled plasma tube ‘antenna’. Early pictures of the antenna show it glowing violet in colour. My guess is that, despite many claims to the contrary by contemporary ‘lay’ websites, such tubes would emit a certain quantity of UV light. With regards to killing bacteria and viruses on the microscope slide, UV light is potent, as evidenced by its use in modern water and sewage treatment. However, it is less likely how it influenced patients unless it perhaps after several hours use increased serum vitamin D? Other than that one can only assume there was something in the interaction of the subtle sets of frequencies which Rife’s machine supplied. Problematically, however, since then various machines similar to Rife’s have been made but with unscrupulous operators claiming cure-alls for all manner of ills. Thus Rife technology quickly fell into the realms of quackery. It is perhaps somewhat surprising then to learn that not totally unrelated systems in that it has a low power HF carrier wave and is AM modulated has recently been used for experimental Cancer Treatment e.g. ‘Amplitude-modulated electromagnetic fields for the treatment of cancer: Discovery of tumor-specific frequencies and assessment of a novel therapeutic approach’ see Barbault et al (2009)[4] and further related work reported in a respected journal, the Journal of Cancer, ‘Treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma with very low levels of amplitude-modulated electromagnetic fields’ see Costa et al ( 2011)[7]. Zimmermann et al (2011) [8] designed and used an in vitro cell culture system and successfully duplicated the effects seen in Costa’s in vivo study. Maybe Rife’s machine wasn’t quackery after all? For instance Giladi et al (2008) [9] showed that weak electric currents generated using conductive electrodes increased the efficacy of antibiotics against bacterial biofilms, a phenomenon termed “the bioelectric effect.” They inhibited the growth of planktonic Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in an amplitude and frequency dependent manner, with a maximum at 10 MHz

Kirson (2007) [10 ] showed that low intensity, intermediate frequency, electric fields inhibit by an anti-microtubule mechanism of action i.e. disruption of the mitotic spindle, cancerous cell growth in vitro. Using implanted electrodes, these fields were also shown to inhibit the growth of dermal tumours in mice. Although Pasche of Costa’s research team does not know the ‘biophysical mechanism he too has seen disruption of the mitotic spindle. Kirson’s earlier work ( 2004) may give further mechanistic clues. Low-intensity, intermediate-frequency (100–300 kHz), alternating electric fields, delivered by means of insulated electrodes, were found to have a profound inhibitory effect on the growth rate of a variety of human and rodent tumor cell lines (Patricia C, U-118, U-87, H-1299, MDA231, PC3, B16F1, F-98, C-6, RG2, and CT-26) and malignant tumors in animals. This effect, shown to be nonthermal, selectively affects dividing cells while quiescent cells are left intact. These fields were said to act in two modes: arrest of cell proliferation and destruction of cells while undergoing division. Both effects were demonstrated when such fields are applied for 24 h to cells undergoing mitosis that is oriented roughly along the field direction. The first mode of action is manifested by interference with the proper formation of the mitotic spindle, whereas the second results in rapid disintegration of the dividing cells. Both effects, which are frequency dependent, are consistent with the computed directional forces exerted by these specific fields on charges and dipoles within the dividing cells. In vivo treatment of tumors in C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice (B16F1 and CT-26 syngeneic tumor models, respectively), resulted in significant slowing of tumor growth and extensive destruction of tumor cells within 3–6 days. Their findings demonstrated the potential applicability electric fields as a novel therapeutic modality for malignant tumors. In fact dividing cells ( yeast cells ) have also been shown to give out their own RF emissions. Jelonek et al (1999) measured electromagnetic signals in the frequency range from 8 to 9 MHz are compared with evolution of the reassembled microtubules. They detected signals peak in the time interval 25–30 min and 45–60 min after the release of the cells from the restrictive to the permissive temperature. The first maximum corresponds to the stage when the mitotic spindle is formed and binds chromatids. The second maximum is measured when the processes of anaphase A and of anaphase B take place.

Cifra and Pokorny (2009)[11] confirmed the presence of electromagnetic emissions from dividing yeast cells in terms of mechanical vibrations of polar structures. Electromagnetic activity around yeast mitotic cells (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) was measured in the same frequency range 8–9 MHz and special care was taken to extract reliable information from the raw signals. The characteristic of cold-sensitive tubulin mutants tub2-401 and tub2-406, which come to arrest before mitosis at a restrictive temperature (14°C) and which re-enter mitosis upon a shift back to a permissive temperature (28°C), was used to prepare synchronized mitotic cells. Immunofluorescence microscopy using an antitubulin antibody was used to analyze microtubular structures. The arrested tub2-401 mutant that had back-shifted to permissive temperature displayed no microtubules and no electromagnetic activity around the cells. In contrast, the arrested cells of the mutant tub2-406 displayed developed, but aberrant, nonfunctional microtubules and a high electromagnetic activity around the cells. The electromagnetic activity around the arrested mutant tub2-401 back-shifted to permissive temperature peaks at four time points which may coincide with (i) formation of the mitotic spindle, (ii) binding of chromatids to kinetochore microtubules, (iii) elongation of the spindle in anaphase A, and (iv) elongation of the spindle in anaphase B. The profile of the electromagnetic activity around the synchronized mutant tub2-406 at permissive temperature seems to be delayed by the time required for aberrant nonfunctional microtubules to be depolymerized. Experimental results presented in their paper supported Pohl's idea of existence of the electromagnetic field around yeast cells.

Microtubules are electrically polar structures fulfilling prerequisites for generation of oscillatory electric field in the kHz to GHz region, see Cifra et al 2010 [12]. Energy supply for excitation of elasto-electrical vibrations in microtubules may be provided from GTP-hydrolysis; motor protein–microtubule interactions; and energy efflux from mitochondria. Little wonder then that externally applied RF disturbs this process. Experimental results presented in this manner support the great late theoretical Physicist Herbert Pohl's (whom I met personally in the late 1970’s) idea of existence of the electromagnetic field around living cells.

Not just human tissue is affected by RF , for example, Tkalec et al (2009) [13] considered plants ‘Effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields on seed germination and root meristematic cells of Allium cepa L.’ They observed effects which were markedly dependent on the field frequencies applied as well as on field strength and modulation. Their findings also indicate that mitotic effects of RF-EMF could be due to impairment of the mitotic spindle. Priel et al (2006) [14 ] have shown microtubules, the building blocks of the mitotic spindle to act as biopolymer transistors capable of electrical amplification. Small wonder then that subtle field effects are found in biology.

There is perhaps no more emotive a topic in modern science than the one this discussion paper attempts to deal with, that is, can anthropogenic sources of radio frequency radiation contribute in some way to modern cancer aetiology be it either with regard to causation or manipulation to open up a possible cure-all? The present author or has asked himself why, particularly with regard to cancer causation, is this topic so emotive. Perhaps the answer lies in the fact that we are all exposed to a multiplicity of RF energies, frequencies and modulation schemes on a daily and life-long basis. ‘Joe public’, who may necessarily have no Physics Biology or Engineering training is forced to ‘Google’ the topic and either hits on a site funded by a scaremonger group or a site funded by a mobile phone company, the former telling Joe he is doomed to death hell and destruction, the latter telling him not only is his phone totally harmless but that it may even also improve his memory.

Then Joe has to visit the ‘Forum’s where he might meet the real nasty guys. I didn’t write a review paper here because some of the stuff published on this topic states the unbelievable. One recent article I read suggested that because we don’t know all the mechanisms involved let’s not bother with any more studies. How in God’s name is that Science?

To reinforce my point, I turn to the human ear. We can hear but we still don’t know the precise mechanism of the cochlear amplifier, so let’s all go deaf. The point I am making here is that this hasn’t prevented the development of the traditional hearing aid or even the cochlear implant!

Let’s take Joe back to the forum. There recently I met a guy, let’s call him Mr X who stated ‘RF can’t interact with living cells because its wavelength is too big and there is no way of focusing it. Well perhaps our Mr ‘X’ Forum expert would like to go back and look at the ear again. So for a 330 Hz tone he’s have me with a 1-metre-wide aural canal, no doubt? Trust me if Mr X had ever had the author’s experience RF burns to fingers and thumbs or felt the inside of his chest wall getting hotter than its surroundings in the near field of an HF transmitting antenna he would have doubts whatsoever that RF could interact with living tissue!

What concerns us here however, is not thermal effect but non-thermal effects or so called subtle -field effects and ultimately how we will utilise them to the benefit of human kind.

Further, what this paper will not attempt to be is a review paper. Quite simply there are so many thousands, if not tens of thousands of published works in the dual fields of electromagnetic cancer causation and treatment.

Dealing firstly with some of the more significant works on cancer causation these can be divided briefly into areas which are:

1. In vitro cellular and DNA studies

2. In vivo animal studies

3. Specific group epidemiological studies

4. Wider population epidemiological studies

The situation is further complicated because strictly RF or electromagnetic radiation covers the complete spectrum of frequency from DC through to Gamma radiation.

There is, however, a certain logic in this limitation. For example, the National Cancer Institute finds a paper, by Kliukiene et al, Epidemiol. 2004 May 1;159(9):852-61[15] , ‘Residential and occupational exposures to 50-Hz magnetic fields and breast cancer in women: a population-based study,’ to be statistically relevant

Those authors conducted a case-control study to investigate whether residential and occupational exposures to magnetic fields increased the risk for breast cancer among women. Cases of breast cancer diagnosed during 1980-1996 were identified in a cohort of women living near a high-voltage power line in Norway in 1980 or between 1986 and 1996. Each case was matched by year of birth, municipality, and first year of entry into the cohort with two randomly selected controls without cancer. Residential exposure to magnetic fields was calculated as that generated by the lines before diagnosis, and occupational exposure was based on exposure matrix data. Women with residential exposure had an odds ratio of 1.58 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.30, 1.92) when compared with unexposed women. The odds ratios for exposed women versus unexposed women with estrogen receptor (ER)-positive and ER-negative breast cancer were 1.33 (95% CI: 0.93, 1.90) and 1.40 (95% CI: 0.78, 2.50), respectively (ER status was available for 44% of the cases). Women with the highest occupational exposure had an odds ratio of 1.13 (95% CI: 0.91, 1.40) when compared with those unexposed at work. At first sight, their findings suggest a definite and statistically relevant association between exposure to magnetic fields and breast cancer in women.

However, at power line frequencies 50/60 Hz other factors such as concentration of radon and airborne pollution by the electric fields overhead high voltage cables may cloud the issue. In a similar vein, I have previously shown how the changeover from CRT to LED TV sets reduced cancer rates, the former being a similar concentrator of radon and household airborne pollutants, see my paper viewing and cancer, the enemy in your front room, a television hypothesis revisited, expanded and slightly revised. By Dr Chris Barnes Bangor Scientific and Educational Consultants March 2015. E-mail manager@bsec-wales.co.uk wherein interestingly I was also able to separate out the excess cancer risk of CRT’s from RF radiation in the UK since 1947.

At the other end of the spectrum, optical frequencies and beyond have flux quanta energetic enough to cause electronic transitions and to directly perturb chemical bonds wherein bio-effect would likely never be questioned by anyone.

Thus for the remaining purposes of the present discussion there have been shown good reasons to limit our frequency range from say KHz frequencies to microwave frequencies say of 90 GHz or so, this range is often referred to as non-ionising radiation. So indeed, if we limit ourselves to this range in question, roughly, what are the results?

Several recent review papers reach different conclusions on the overall risk of RF radiation. Thus perhaps it is better to consider looking at the conclusions of scientific bodies and panels charged with looking after public safety?

One such body is EPHRAN (the European body for assessing Health Risks of RF radiation)

The Ephran Classification Definitions are shown below

Further shown below are the Ephran conclusions, especially with regard to Genotoxicity ( Cancer Studies)

We can see that Ephram concludes there is Limited Evidence of RF fields being Genotoxic at least from In-Vitro studies.

Ephram does not discuss workplace or population at large epidemiology in detail but the National Cancer Institute do. Mixed results are obtained. With workplace exposures to radiofrequency radiation. A limited number of studies have evaluated risks of cancer in workers exposed to radiofrequency radiation. A large study of U.S. Navy personnel found no excess of brain tumors among those with a high probability of exposure to radar (including electronics technicians, aviation technicians, and fire control technicians); however, nonlymphocytic leukemia, particularly acute myeloid leukemia, was increased in electronics technicians in aviation squadrons, but not in Navy personnel in the other job categories. A case-control study among U.S. Air Force personnel found the suggestion of an increased risk of brain cancer among personnel who maintained or repaired radiofrequency or microwave-emitting equipment. A case-control study found the suggestion of an increased risk of death from brain cancer among men occupationally exposed to microwave and/or radiofrequency radiation, with all of the excess risk among workers in electrical and electronics jobs involving design, manufacture, repair, or installation of electrical or electronics equipment. There was no evidence that electrical utility workers who were exposed to pulsed electromagnetic fields produced by power lines were more likely to develop brain tumors or leukemia than the general population. Employees of a large manufacturer of wireless communication products were not more likely to die from brain tumors or cancers of the hematopoietic or lymphatic system than the general population.

There are few epidemiologic studies dealing with electromagnetic radiation and uveal melanoma. The majority of these studies are exploratory and are based on job and industry titles only. Stang et al (2001) [16] conducted a hospital-based and population-based case-control study of uveal melanoma and occupational exposures to different sources of electromagnetic radiation, including radiofrequency radiation. They then pooled these results. They interviewed a total of 118 female and male cases with uveal melanoma and 475 controls matching on sex, age, and study regions. Exposure to radiofrequency-transmitting devices was rated as (a) no radiofrequency radiation exposure, (b) possible exposure to mobile phones, or (c) probable/certain exposure to mobile phones. Exposures were rated independently by two of the authors who did not know case or control status. They used conditional logistic regression to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). They found an elevated risk for exposure to radiofrequency-transmitting devices (exposure to radio sets, OR = 3.0, 95% CI = 1.4–6.3; probable/certain exposure to mobile phones, OR = 4.2, 95% CI = 1.2–14.5). Their study was the first describing an association between radiofrequency radiation exposure and uveal melanoma.

Human populations are increasingly exposed to microwave/radiofrequency (RF) emissions from wireless communication technology, including mobile phones and their base stations. By searching PubMed, Khurana et al (2010) [17] identified a total of 10 epidemiological studies that assessed for putative health effects of mobile phone base stations. Seven of these studies explored the association between base station proximity and neurobehavioral effects and three investigated cancer. They found that eight of the 10 studies reported increased prevalence of adverse neurobehavioral symptoms or cancer in populations living at distances < 500 meters from base stations. None of the studies reported exposure above accepted international guidelines, suggesting that current guidelines may be inadequate in protecting the health of human populations. They believe that comprehensive epidemiological studies of long-term mobile phone base station exposure are urgently required to more definitively understand its health impact.

Mechanisms

Adair (2003) and Challis (2005) appear to be the only two authors who have theorised that non –ionising, non-thermal RF radiation of the order of 10mW/cm^2 will not influence biology significantly on the basis that energy imparted ( excluding sharp resonance effects) will be less than random thermal energy ( kT). However, Adair does acknowledge that energies of greater than KT could be reached for dielectric absorption into large free single cells of radius greater than 20 microns. Further that energies approximating KT could be dumped into Biological systems at E FIELD strengths exceeding 200volt /metre. Returning to my example of the ear is of course instructive here. One would, hopefully, assume Adair and Challis are aware of its basic physiologically and perhaps also the work of Denk and Webb (1989)[18] who show that hair cells in the cochlear reach the sensitivity limit imposed by the thermal noise at their input. If one part of biology is capable of such a refinement there is perhaps no reason to suggest that the important processes of cell division and differentiation could not be equally refined. It is my guess that the sceptics I refer to hereinabove and probably the mobile phone and other communications operators who seek to re-assure their customers have looked no further than and only briefly at Adair and Challis. A return to the ear for comparison has been shown to be instructive. And, of course there are other examples of remarkable environmental sensitivity operating at or even less than the ‘KT’ limit throughout the animal kingdom.

In the rest of this paper I pose the question, ‘did Adair and Challis look deeply enough into the problem at hand?’ I raise additional mechanisms whereby non-thermal, non-ionising radiation can influence biological systems and cancer ethology and provide hitherto non –established links and attempt to cite a catalogue of others’ experimental evidence in logical progression to form complete and fully explainable experimentally tested and further future testable pathways particularly for the influence of RF on mutations with regard to cancer causation and progression and with regard to the mitotic spindle and tubulin polymerisation as a mode of cancer suppression. All this notwithstanding possible effects of RF on the immune system and T-cell populations, see for example Lauer [19]. http://www.vincent-lauer.fr/cancer-autoimmunity.pdf

RF and free radicals in Biology

In 2014 I published an online paper entitled ‘The unified missing link, oxidative stress as a result of altered water structure at gas -liquid interfaces leading to apparent electromagnetic memory and accounting for very diverse instances of radio frequency induced plant and animal bio-damage such as Tree Die- back, Cancers and even Stroke’ [20] . I briefly discussed safety concerns of RF radiation and explained how some literature suggests that RF could be either a carcinogen or a cancer promoter. I concluded that the need to take the quantum mechanical aspects of radio propagation into account together with the compounding effects of atmospheric pollution and other carcinogens is once again highlighted. An observation that not only cancer and tree damage may be caused by RF was highlighted, but also there is the possibility of it being implicated in increased stroke risk in 15-44 year olds. I formulated a new model based on the perturbation of the balance of natural biological free radical reaction processes by RF at gas-liquid interfaces is developed. The model accounts elegantly for a significant number of effects of RF including changes in calcium channel behaviour, dominance of association with cancers of the blood and lymphatic systems, damage to trees and plants and even the seemingly new and high prevalence of stroke in the younger age groups who are more likely to be engaging with mobile and WIFI RF technologies. The model is strongly supported by existing experimental evidence in a number of related physical and life science fields. I further concluded that RF even at very low levels may prove to be an additional lifestyle risk factor rather like smoking or alcohol. Due to the long half-lives of altered water structure in the presence of micro and nano-gas bubbles medium term exposure, such as sleeping in elevated levels of RF, may be as or more dangerous than occasional exposure to very high levels. Intriguingly, Lauer too reaches this conclusion and beyond, citing rare mobile phone use as anti-cancer and regular mobile phone use as pro-cancer [19].

A recent paper by Havas (2016) [21] attempts to resolve the debate about whether non-ionizing radiation (NIR) can cause cancer–a debate that has been ongoing for decades. The rationale, put forward mostly by physicists and accepted by many health agencies, is that, “since NIR does not have enough energy to dislodge electrons, it is unable to cause cancer.” This argument is based on a flawed assumption and uses the model of ionizing radiation (IR) to explain NIR, which is inappropriate. Evidence of free-radical damage has been repeatedly documented among humans, animals, plants and microorganisms for both extremely low frequency (ELF) electromagnetic fields (EMF) and for radio frequency (RF) radiation, neither of which is ionizing. While IR directly damages DNA, NIR interferes with the oxidative repair mechanisms resulting in oxidative stress, damage to cellular components including DNA, and damage to cellular processes leading to cancer. Furthermore, free-radical damage (ROS) explains the increased cancer risks associated with mobile phone use, occupational exposure to NIR (ELF EMF and RFR), and residential exposure to power lines and RF transmitters including mobile phones, cell phone base stations, broadcast antennas, and radar installations. Clearly, Havas’ paper is in strong support of my work.

ROS has recently been shown also to be relevant in cancer treatment as cancer cells do not extinguish free radicals as quickly as healthy cells. High levels of ROS could therefore kill cancerous tumour cells. Traditional radio (isotope) therapy and possibly ultrasound therapy produce large quantises of free radicals. Recently in RF thermotherapy there has been a shift from very high temperature ablation ( up to 49 C ) down to more moderate temperatures of some 42 C without noticeable change in the effectiveness of treatment. Maybe the answer in in ROS generation. Mustafa et al [22] using Iron oxide nanoparticle-based radio-frequency thermotherapy for human breast adenocarcinoma cancer cells. Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) with diameters of 15, 25, and 41 nm were evaluated as mediators of thermal cytotoxicity under radio-frequency (RF) exposure. The 25 nm IONPs were found to be the most efficient of the three in killing cancer cells at 350 kHz low-frequency RF irradiation. However, at a higher frequency of 13.56 MHz, 15 nm IONPs produced the highest percentage of cell death. Moreover, the killing effect was concentration-dependent in that a higher concentration of IONPs resulted in increased cellular death. Size-dependent internalization of IONPs in MCF-7 cells was quantified by using inductively coupled-plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Dark-field microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that MCF-7 cells internalize IONPs through endocytosis after 24 hours of incubation. In addition, after RF treatment, the cancer cells underwent the apoptosis process, and the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) increased significantly after hyperthermia. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and TEM further established that the ultrastructure morphological changes in the cancer cells originated from the apoptosis process. Honda et al (2004) have also brought about apoptosis induced by ultrasound and conclude that Calcium ions and ROS are involved. Mitotic catastrophe (MC) is a sequence of events resulting from premature or inappropriate entry of cells into mitosis that can be caused by chemical or physical stresses. There are several observations permitting to define MC as an oncosuppressive mechanism. MC can end up in apoptosis, necrosis or senescence. Some cancer drugs such as doxorubicin-induce apoptosis which is ROS-dependent.

As I have shown previously (Barnes 2014) ROS there is a perfectly feasible mechanism whereby ROS can be generated by low level ( subtle field) RF radiation and thus this alone may explain some of the anti-cancer effects of the Rife machine and similar modern versions of the technology.

Added tiers of complexity: information

Clearly, not all whole body exposures to RF radiation result in cancer tumourogenisis, promotion or suppression. Likewise only about half of the 5000 or so in vitro experiments with mobile phone and other frequencies of RF emission have produced any results. This is to be expected in terms of exposure times and random chance just as with exposure to chemical carcinogens.

In terms of geo-spatial epidemiology, I have already showed it is the transmission of information ( modulation) into the body or its cells that is crucial and I have produced a quantum mechanical model [23] to explain this regarding imprinting of information into biological systems which successfully accounts for the distribution of cancer clusters at certain key distances from transmitting antennas such as those of TV towers and mobile phone installations. Further, the same model successfully predicts bio-damage to trees. Further RF bio-damage to trees and humans is enhanced significantly by the presence of iron and nickel roadside nano-particles, lining up nicely with the observations of Mustafa above [22].

The notion of imprinting information in biology from water molecular structure is by no means new. Acupuncture practitioners and homeopathy practitioners have long since been aware. However, in this case, our friend Joe would get told we are really well into the realms of quackery, but are we? First we need to consult the experimental work of highly respected Emeritus professor Cyril Smith. Smith’s work developed over the past 40 years starting from dielectric measurements on enzymes and the subsequent finding that the measurements were affected by electric, magnetic, electromagnetic fields and quantum fields. A request for help in the diagnosis and therapy of chemically sensitive patients who had also become sensitive to their electromagnetic environment came to Smith in 1982 [24]. He found that the same physical or mental symptoms in those afflicted could be provoked by a chemical or a frequency challenge and this led to an appreciation of the synergy between chemical and frequency environmental sensitivities. Experimental cooperation with theoretical physicist Herbert Fröhlich FRS and others led to an understanding of the physics of coherent water in living systems and a mechanism for the memory of water for coherent frequencies. In a coherent system there are interacting frequencies proportionate to any velocity the system will support, in particular the velocity of light and the velocity of coherence diffusion. Thus, there can be biological interaction between the optical, microwave and ELF spectral regions. Smith even discussed frequency modulation of light scattered by bio-fields and its retention in recorded images. A 'nil-potent' frequency can erase a frequency signature and thence affect a biological system. Homeopathy is interpreted through the biological effects of coherent frequencies derived from the frequency signature of the 'Mother Tincture' and developed through dilution and succussion. A homeopathic potency has a frequency signature therefore it must be able to have a biological effect. Secondly. we need to consider the work of brilliant sh theoretical Physicists such as Persinger and Pitkanen and finally we need to look at the experimental evidence that the refractive index of water has been shown to be modulated by the Erath’s pico Tesla magnetic field, see D’ Emilia et al (2016).

In the near field of a transmitter (antenna) the phase relationships which satisfy information imprinting are not necessarily present and this could explain geometry critical effects in previous experiments to try and establish a link between RF and genetic damage. Lauer (ref) has discussed RF and cancer in terms of populations of T-cells. With high levels of e-field and in the near field, I have previously suggested the required phase relationship for bio- imprinting is not likely to be satisfied. Secondly, people exposed in this way, usually military radio operators and radio amateurs use multiple frequencies and modulation schemes so will build up good distributions of T-cells following Lauer ( ). Thirdly, their exposure times are often very short as they often spend more time listening (receiving) than transmitting. Thus the overall effect of their high frequency operations may be mainly cancer neural or even anti-cancer. This would then also explain why their predominant cancers are leukaemia which is perhaps more a feature of exposure to 50/60 Hz magnetic fields in the power transformers of their equipment.

Added tiers of complexity: Frequency windowing

The Rife machine, claimed to be anticancer uses and RF carrier wave in the near field of the patient with a number of very specific ( frequency window or resonance style) amplitude modulated sideband frequencies in the kHz range. We have also seen above that Barbault et al (2009) , Costa et al ( 2011) and Zimmermann et al (2011) also describe frequency windowing or resonance like effects. Their system uses a 27 MHz carrier and different modulation frequencies ranging from low hundreds of Hertz to about 21 KHz. Moreover, they report different frequencies for different types of cancer. It has been suggested by some that the high carrier frequency may be a vehicle for getting the frequencies inside the cell. This is perfectly feasible as membrane relaxation frequencies are often reported as of the order of 1-10 MHz. The antenna system used is very different from the Rife machine and is essentially a mouth worn capacitive coupling electrode. Thus despite only about 100mW power level possibly more RF current will flow through the body. Barbault et al examined a total of 163 patients with a diagnosis of cancer and identified a total of 1524 frequencies ranging from 0.1 Hz to 114 kHz. Most frequencies (57–92%) were specific for a single tumor type. Compassionate treatment with tumor-specific frequencies was offered to 28 patients. Three patients experienced grade 1 fatigue during or immediately after treatment. There were no NCI grade 2, 3 or 4 toxicities. Thirteen patients were evaluable for response. One patient with hormone-refractory breast cancer metastatic to the adrenal gland and bones had a complete response lasting 11 months. One patient with hormone-refractory breast cancer metastatic to liver and bones had a partial response lasting 13.5 months. Four patients had stable disease lasting for +34.1 months (thyroid cancer metastatic to lung), 5.1 months (non-small cell lung cancer), 4.1 months (pancreatic cancer metastatic to liver) and 4.0 months (leiomyosarcoma metastatic to liver). Their conclusion was cancer-related frequencies appear to be tumor-specific and treatment with tumor-specific frequencies is feasible, well tolerated and may have biological efficacy in patients with advanced cancer.

In an in vitro attempt to duplicate the in vivo experiment Zimmermann et al showed the growth of HCC and breast cancer cells was significantly decreased by HCC-specific and breast cancer-specific modulation frequencies, respectively. However, the same frequencies did not affect proliferation of non-malignant hepatocytes or breast epithelial cells. Inhibition of HCC cell proliferation was associated with downregulation of XCL2 and PLP2. Furthermore, HCC-specific modulation frequencies disrupted the mitotic spindle.

Zimmermann et al (2013) described a rationale for the Therapeutic Use of Amplitude-modulated Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields for the Systemic Treatment of Cancer. I feel the next part of their argument rather elegantly shows the advantage of and rationale for using a high frequency carrier wave. For example, they state they have previously identified several frequencies in patients with chronic insomnia using biofeedback methods. They demonstrated that the intra-buccal administration of very low and safe levels of 27.12 MHz RF EMF, amplitude-modulated at 42.7 Hz, has a sleep-inducing effect in healthy subjects. However, administration of the same signal to patients with insomnia did not yield any therapeutic benefits. In contrast, administration of a combination of the four frequencies most commonly identified in patients with chronic insomnia (2.7 Hz, 21.9 Hz, 42.7 Hz, and 48.9 Hz) resulted in significant improvements of total sleep time and sleep latency as assessed by polysomnographic evaluation[ Thus their early findings suggested that a combination of several frequencies is needed to achieve a therapeutic effect on chronic insomnia and a rationale for continuation once they had established by biofeedback methodologies specific frequencies for some types of cancer.

Theories of resonance and links to the mitotic spindle

There exist only two plausible mechanisms for such coupling if it is also to effect the mitotic spindle. Following Frolich, Zhoa et al (2012) has suggested that long since proposed Super-macromolecular complexes play many important roles in eukaryotic cells. Classical structural biological studies focus on their complicated molecular structures, physical interactions and biochemical modifications. Recent advances concerning intracellular electric fields generated by cell organelles and super-macromolecular complexes shed new light on the mechanisms that govern the dynamics of mitosis and meiosis. In this review we synthesize this knowledge to provide an integrated theoretical model of these cellular events. They further suggest that the electric fields generated by synchronized oscillation of microtubules, centrosomes, and chromatin fibers facilitate several events during mitosis and meiosis, including centrosome trafficking, chromosome congression in mitosis and synapsis between homologous chromosomes in meiosis. These intracellular electric fields are generated under energy excitation through the synchronized electric oscillations of the dipolar structures of microtubules, centrosomes and chromosomes, three of the super-macromolecular complexes within an animal cell.

Funk et al deal with low frequency electromagnetic field effects on ultra-weak photon emission from yeast cells Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The current state of the research of electromagnetic field interactions with biological systems is shortly presented and the phenomenon of ultra-weak photon emission from biological samples is briefly introduced. Critically and as I proposed, Their experimental results indicate the differences in dynamics of ultra-weak photon emission between cells exposed to magnetic field and controls cells. Results suggest potential applicability of this method for the evaluation of magnetic field effects on cells.

Caligiuri has also suggested a possible mechanism of interaction along my lines of thought involving the resonant absorption of electromagnetic radiation by microtubules. To this aim they have been modelled as non-dissipative forced harmonic oscillators characterized by two coupled “macroscopic” degrees of freedom, respectively describing longitudinal and transversal vibrations induced by the electromagnetic field. They have shown that the proposed model, although at a preliminary stage, is able to explain the ability of even weak electromagnetic radiating electromagnetic fields to transfer high quantities of energy to living systems by means of a resonant mechanism, so capable to easily damage microtubules structure.

Frolich was essentially dealing with Bio-solitons. A Bio-Soliton Model that predicts Non-Thermal Electromagnetic Radiation Frequency Bands, that either Stabilize or Destabilize Life Conditions has been proposed by Geesink and Meijer (2016).

Solitons, as self-reinforcing solitary waves, interact with complex biological phenomena such as cellular self-organisation. Soliton models are able to describe a spectrum of electromagnetism modalities that can be applied to understand the physical principles of biological effects in living cells, as caused by electromagnetic radiation. A bio-soliton model is proposed, that enables to predict which eigen-frequencies of non-thermal electromagnetic waves are life-sustaining and which are, in contrast, detrimental for living cells. The particular effects are exerted by a range of electromagnetic wave frequencies of one-tenth of a Hertz till Peta Hertz, that show a pattern of twelve bands, if positioned on an acoustic frequency scale. The model was substantiated by a meta-analysis of 240 published papers of biological radiation experiments, in which a spectrum of non-thermal electromagnetic waves were exposed to living cells and intact organisms. These data support the concept of coherent quantized electromagnetic states in living organisms and the theories of Davydov, Frohlich and Pang. A spin-off strategy from their study is discussed in order to design bio-compatibility promoting semi-conducting materials and to counteract potential detrimental effects due to specific types of electromagnetic radiation produced by man-made electromagnetic technologies.

Ion cyclotron resonance

Ion cyclotron resonance as a means of interaction between non –ionising radiation and biology was proposed as far back as 1991. When a physical mechanism is suggested for a resonant interaction of weak magnetic fields with biological systems. An ion inside a Ca2+ -binding protein is approximated by a charged oscillator. A shift in the probability of ion transition between different vibrational energy levels occurs when a combination of static and alternating magnetic fields is applied. This in turn affects the interaction of the ion with the surrounding ligands. The effect reaches its maximum when the frequency of the alternating field is equal to the cyclotron frequency of this ion or to some of its harmonics or sub-harmonics. A resonant response of the biosystem to the magnetic field results.

The fact that a 147 MHz carrier wave pulse modulated at 16 Hz has been shown to elicit Calcium ion efflux from chick brain tissue is most likely a facet of ion cyclotron resonance. The work was originally criticised due to concerns about oxygen perfusion and tissue treatment but the work has recently been successfully reproduced in an independent laboratory. Moreover the findings of others provide strong evidence that transport of a given ionic species through a cell membrane can be precisely controlled by tuning externally applied magnetic fields to the ion cyclotron resonance (CR) gyrofrequency for the ion in question. Experiment and theory have shown that certain odd harmonics of the fundamental resonance frequency are also effective. In the present experiment we again used the model of Ca-dependent motility of benthic diatoms, extending our harmonic studies through N = 17, for both Ca2+ and K+ fundamentals. Eight separate Ca2+ fundamental frequencies: 8, 12, 16, 23, 31, 32, 46, 64 Hz were attempted and each was found to obey the CR condition. Two observations are reported : (1) tuning to K+ results in inhibition of motility, directly opposite to the enhancement that occurs when tuning for Ca2+; (2) both the K+ inhibition and Ca2+ enhancement are independently observed at exactly the same harmonics: N = 1, 3, 5, 15. This strongly suggests that despite differences in ionic selectivity, K+ and Ca2+ channels may share fundamentally similar protein configurations.

Molecular biology could link the action of ion transporters and ion channels to the “electric” action of cells and tissues. The triggers exerted by ion concentrations and concomitant electric field gradients have been traced along signalling cascades till gene expression changes in the nucleus. Moreover cyclotron resonance condition on such ions readily leads to a predicted ELF-coupling at geomagnetic levels.

The movement of biological ions is of course predicted by cyclotron resonance. Such theory applied to cell membranes has been tested in employing Diatoms (Amphora coffeaeformis), which were chosen as the bio system since they move or don't move, depending on how much calcium is transported across the membrane. The experiments demonstrate that a particular ion (calcium) is apparently moved across the cell membrane in response to the DC and AC values of magnetic flux densities (B) and the frequency derived from the cyclotron resonance theory. A clear resonance is shown and a rather sharp frequency response curve is demonstrated. The experiments also show a dose response as the AC value of the flux density is varied, and that odd harmonics of the basic cyclotron frequency are also effective.

The cyclotron resonance concept is also consistent with recent indications showing that many membrane channels have helical configurations. This model is quite testable, and could probably be applied to other circulating charge components within the cell and, most important, leads to the feasibility of direct resonant electromagnetic energy transfer to selected compartments of the cell.

In the study, Bioelectromagnetics 24:395–402, 2003. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc., the influence of extremely low frequency (ELF) magnetic fields on the transport of Ca2+ was studied in a biological system consisting of highly purified plasma membrane vesicles. Two quantum mechanical theoretical models were tested that assume that biologically active ions can be bound to a channel protein and influence the opening state of the channel. Vesicles were exposed for 30 min at 32 °C and the calcium efflux was studied using radioactive 45Ca as a tracer. Static magnetic fields ranging from 27 to 37 μT and time varying magnetic fields with frequencies between 7 and 72 Hz and amplitudes between 13 and 114 μT (peak) were used. It was show experimentally that suitable combinations of static and time varying magnetic fields directly interact with the Ca2+ channel protein in the cell membrane, and we could quantitatively confirm the model proposed by Blanchard.

Links to the mitotic spindle and damage thereto

Some modern chemotherapy agents are tubulin polymerization disruptors. The question arises can electromagnetic absorption by any of the above mechanism be shown to achieve the same, thereby completing a complete physical picture and mechanism where by subtle field/ subtle modulation cancer treatment systems actually work.

Caligiuri has shown that Microtubule assembly is regulated by Ca2+-loaded calmodulin (Ca2+/CaM) both in the intact cell and under in vitro conditions via direct interaction with microtubule-associated proteins. Here we provide the first evidence that Ca2+/CaM interacts also with Par17 in a physiologically relevant way, thus preventing Par17-promoted microtubule assembly. In contrast, parvulin 14 (Par14), which lacks only the first 25 N-terminal residues of the Par17 sequence, does not interact with Ca2+/CaM, indicating that this interaction is exclusive for Par17. Pulldown experiments and chemical shift perturbation analysis with 15N-labeled Par17 furthermore confirmed that calmodulin (CaM) interacts in a Ca2+-dependent manner with the Par17 N terminus. The reverse experiment with 15N-labeled Ca2+/CaM demonstrated that the N-terminal Par17 segment binds to both CaM lobes simultaneously, indicating that Ca2+/CaM undergoes a conformational change to form a binding channel between its two lobes, apparently similar to the structure of the CaM-smMLCK796–815 complex. In vitro tubulin polymerization assays furthermore showed that Ca2+/CaM completely suppresses Par17-promoted microtubule assembly. The results imply that Ca2+/CaM binding to the N-terminal segment of Par17 causes steric hindrance of the Par17 active site, thus interfering with the Par17/tubulin interaction. This Ca2+/CaM-mediated control of Par17-assisted microtubule assembly may provide a mechanism that couples Ca2+ signalling with microtubule function.

Thus we now have a direct link between RF input, Calcium ion movement and staging of the microtubule assembly. Microtubules are of course an essential component of the mitotic spindle. In mitosis itself the situation is even more complex as there is involvement of the endoplasmic reticulum and micro-calcium domains.

Further evidence that the fields required may be much lower than previously expected has been given by Sardari and Verger (2010). It is already known that electrostatic, magnetostatic, extremely low-frequency electric fields, and pulsed electric field could be utilized in cancer treatment. The healing effect depends on frequency and amplitude of electric field. In their work, a simple theoretical model is developed to estimate the intensity of electrostatic field that damages a living cell during division. By this model, it is shown that magnification of electric field in the bottleneck* of the dividing cell is enough to break chemical bounds between molecules by an avalanche process. Our model shows that the externally applied electric field of 4 V/cm intensity is able to hurt a cancer cell at the dividing stage.

At the ‘bottleneck’ point of mitosis I would independently expect field magnification, since we are effectively falling from having whatever potential difference is presented being initially across micrometre dimensions being effectively reduced down to nanometre dimensions.

Explaining the observations of specific frequencies for treating cancer.

Change in cell stiffness is a new characteristic of cancer cells that affects the way they spread. Using atomic force microscopy, Cross et al (2007) reported on the stiffness of live metastatic cancer cells taken from the body (pleural) fluids of patients with suspected lung, breast and pancreas cancer. Within the same sample, they found that the cell stiffness of metastatic cancer cells is more than 70% softer, with a standard deviation over five times narrower, than the benign cells that line the body cavity. Different cancer types were found to display a common stiffness. Their work suggested that mechanical analysis would distinguish cancerous cells from normal ones even when they show similar shapes. Their results showed that nano-mechanical analysis correlates well with immuno-histochemical testing currently used for detecting cancer.

And, in the present authors’ opinion fully explain why different sets of specific subtle frequencies are needed to treat cancer at non-thermal energies.

Conclusions and Explaining the significant differences between RF involvement in cancer causation and cure.

I) Cancer causation

I have dealt extensively with the topic before but other than the effect of reduced melatonin, not discussed above, free radical generation is the most general effect of RF radiation. Free radicals increase lipid peroxidation and Diplock et al (1994) have shown peroxidation is increased in the malignant state.

II) Cancer treatment ( non –thermal non-ionising radiation)

Resonance effects disrupting the mitotic spindle either direct mechanical disturbance and/or via effects of cyclotron resonance on calcium ions. Polymerisation of tubulin is prevented so the cell cycle is halted and proliferation can no longer occur. Because tumour cell microenvironments especially acidity are changed so are their cellular stiffness which is also different by cell line type and significantly lower than that of healthy cells , a different set of treatment frequencies is to be expected for each cancer type and healthy cells will be unaffected. This is exactly as is observed by Barbault et al (2009).

Now that I have provided a proper physical basis for Barbault’s work I would hope these types of technology will be thoroughly and quickly developed to the benefit of all human kind. There is also no reason to suppose spin –offs for treating animal cancers will not be possible also.

The final link in the Chain: Geisner’s Clathrate RNA replicator

We have established a number of valid mechanisms for subtle field cancer treatment but other than those frequencies reported by Barbault et al (refs) many of which appear to be undisclosed even in their patent, we have now way of predicting exactly what frequencies should do what.

In order to look for a solution we need to consider the very origins of life itself. The "creation of man from clay" is a theme that recurs throughout world religions and mythologies. Examples include:

According to Sumerian mythology the god Enki or Enlil create a servant of the gods, humankind, out of clay and blood. See Enki and the Making of Man

In another Sumerian story, both Enki and Ninmah create humans from the clay bowl of the Abzu, modern day Africa, in which the ovum of a humanoid is fertilized with the sperm of the Anunnaki and inserted back into an Anunnaki heroine.

According to Genesis 2:7 "And the Lord God formed man of the dust of the ground, and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life; and man became a living soul."

According to the Qur'an, God created man from clay.

According to Greek mythology, Prometheus created man from clay, while Athena breathed life into them.

According to Chinese mythology (see Chu Ci and Imperial Readings of the Taiping Era), Nüwa moulded figures from the yellow earth, giving them life and the ability to bear children.

According to Egyptian mythology the god Khnum creates human children from clay before placing them into their mother's womb.

According to some American Indian beliefs, the Earth-maker formed the figure of many men and women, which dried in the sun and into which he breathed life.

According to Inca mythology the creator god Viracocha formed humans from clay on his second attempt at creating living creatures.

According to some Laotian mythology, there are stories of humans created from mud or clay.

Intriguingly modern science reaches the same conclusion. The notion that life began on clay crystals is, in science, only some 50 years old, not several thousand however,

For more than 50 years science has proposed the Clathrate structure as one which could catalyse primitive RNA replication., http://exploringorigins.org/nucleicacids.html. Indeed, Cains-Smith (1982) has suggested that clay minerals can store and replicate structural defects, dislocations, and ionic substitutions, and act as ‘genetic candidates’.

Enter Geesink who has combined our clathrate origins with the bio-soliton and quantum mechanics. Geisner then elegantly shows how that crystalline dimensions of montmorillonite , one particular clathrate structure would be absolutely the most ideal to replicate RNA, in primordial pre DNA world.

Further Geesink provides the equivalent THz frequencies for such a clathrate resonator. He then scales these and reduces them to a condensate scale from 256-488 Hz by dividing by powers of two. If one considers the enormous number of molecular sub-units available for folding and the like in biology it seems perfectly feasible that low frequency condensates can also exist as real entities. This then becomes analogous with Frolich’s coherence theory and also goes some way to explaining frequency analysis of acupuncture points ( refs).

Further Geesink has considered some experiments which have been done on monitoring RF radiation emissions from and bio –effect on living systems, especially yeasts. The conclusion is that to within a tiny percentage error radio or vibrational emissions are received at/on the life –stabilising condensates and when transmissions are made on these frequencies there is either no bio-effect or safe or useful bio-effect. However, when transmissions are made into a biological system at frequencies in-between the condensates (life destabilisation frequencies according to Geesink and further accordingly where adverse biological effects are likely to occur), hereinafter ‘anti-condensates’ according to the present author. It has been somewhat difficult to validate all of Geesink’s work because many of the long list of references he quotes in connection with his ‘life stabilising frequencies’ have for whatever reason proved inaccessible even via Google Scholar. Crucially, however, most of the frequencies Geesink views as destructive or life destabilising are associated with experiments which have shown effects of RF radiation deleterious to bio-systems. It must be borne in mind, however, that the totality of some 5,000 different works covering all aspects of RF radiation, occupational epidemiology, geo-spatial epidemiology, in vivo animal experimentation, in vivo cell culture and organ experimentation has neither been considered by Geiesink nor myself, although a significantly representative cross-section has been so considered. So much so that I can cite the work of numerous authors using at first sight completely different frequencies/ and/or modulation schemes achieving the same result when their particular experimental frequency has been reduced by myself to its condensate equivalent.

According to the present author, Geesink’s definition of ‘life stabilising’ and life ‘de-stabilising’ is very much an over-simplification because with regards to life, Geesink was referring to the development of all life, not just human or mammalian life. Thus, for example, some of the Geesink’s life stabilising frequencies actually encourage the growth of certain microbes, not necessarily advantageous to mammalian /human life, depending of course on the microbe in question.

Re-iterating, we have seen other groups such as Barbault et al have, recently but prior to Geesink’s paper, also discovered what they have termed to be cancer treating modulation frequencies, but they have proposed no physical mechanism for how this could work and they are not the frequencies disclosed by the present inventor/invention nor do they have the same stated mechanisms.

I have very recently analysed a significantly greater number of reported bio-effects of electromagnetic radiation and ultrasound ( not considered by Geesink) and accordingly have reached additional important conclusions regarding the condensates and anti-condensates, hereinafter the key frequencies. For instance I have shown that these key frequencies have, just as biology’s specialist organs and differentiated tissue types, very specific purposes. Some are growth promoting, certain are anti-bacterial, certain are always associated with the blood brain barrier and memory, certain cause calcium efflux, certain reduce mitochondrial activity, certain cause growth retardation, certain affect mitosis, certain modulate the cell cycle etc. etc. Because of this I have already filed patent applications in certain regards. There are quite close parallels here, I feel, with Smith’s work on frequency effects in acupuncture and homeopathy(refs).

Furthermore I have also very recently indeed considered the influence of the primordial electromagnetic environment Geisner’s condensate frequencies. The view I take is at the dawn of evolution, earth would have only received signals at Schumann resonance ( Hz), narrowband KHz and MHz signals from Jupiter and broad band microwaves from the Sun and Galactic Cosmos with specific frequencies in the latter band being attenuated by OH radicals, hydrogen and water vapour etc. Thus analysis of these primordial electromagnetic emissions leads me to a group of natural frequencies corresponding with Geesink’s condensate and with my anti-condensate frequencies which are solely capable of controlling the finer bio-physical and biochemical aspects of life itself. What is further incredible is that there are often multiple examples of Euclid’s element harmonics of each particular specific key frequency spanning Hz-GHz capable of bring about the same or very similar bio-effect. This is clearly a vindication of both Frolich and more latterly Geesink’s work and of the experimental work of scientists like Pohl (ref) without whom my further and crucial developmental work would most likely have not been possible. I would just like to add what a great privilege it was to meet Frolich in his later years personally in the early 1980’s at a conference in Nottingham University.

The identified frequencies and for life controlling purposes which I have identified from primordial times are:

PRE-RADIO (PRIMORDIAL) ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM AND PROPOSED

INTERACTION WITH

CLATHRATE 'BORN' LIFE.

Key Condensate Frequencies

Schumann Resonance

(Clathrate RNA REPLICATOR)

plus

Jupiter

plus pulsars

galactic bursts

Atmospheric microwave attenuation (life protecting)

249.5

7.8Hz

15.5Hz

31.2Hz allows calcium efflux (1st biomolecular motion

/heartbeat etc.)

256

WBBBR

262.9

WBBBR

269.8

WBBBR

278.9

37 GHz ATP regulation

288

WBBBR

295.6

WBBBR

303.1

20 MHz

PLANT GROWTH

313.6

WBBBR

324

11+22 GHz

Brain activity

332.6

360 +770 GHz Protects reproduction

341.2

42.7Hz

Sleep/brain waves

353

WBBBR

364.7

WBBBR

374.4

23.4Hz

Cell

Cycle

384

WBBBR

394.3

420 GHz

Protects reproduction

404.5

WBBBR

418.3

WBBBR

432

27.3Hz

60 GHz

Controls Slows cellular activity fine balance

Schumann versus atmospheric microwaves

443.6

56.2 kHz

Control mitosis

455.1

14.3Hz

Cell division and growth

470.6

WBBBR

486

8 MHZ

Cell Division

WBBBR=

Weak

broad

band

background radiation

Table 1

In the key group of condensate and anti-condensate frequencies shown above the frequency 249.5 Hz has a great significance because it is attuned to several of the Schumann resonance modes. The frequency 278.9 Hz has significance because it was protected by microwave absorption in the earth’s atmosphere, as were the frequencies 324, 332.6, 341.2 ,394.3 and 432 Hz. The frequencies 374.4 and 455.1 Hz were re-enforced by Schuman resonance. Further the frequencies 303.1, 443.6 and 486 Hz were supplied not only by the primitive clathrate resonator but also by Jovian inputs.

Enter modern wireless technology.

Modern wireless technology provides frequencies whose Euclid’s’ elements harmonics or sub –harmonics which are capable of falling on virtually all the above key frequencies and thus, potentially over-riding the natural frequency inputs and interfering with biological processes leading perhaps in some cases to the initiation or promotion cancer. A fuller analysis of the present day electromagnetic spectrum in relation to the aforesaid key frequencies according to the present inventor and invention is shown in Table 2 below:

COMBINED MODERN AND PRIMORDIAL EM SPECTRUM

Condensate Key Frequencies Schumann Resonance

E/M SOURCE (Clathrate RNA REPLICATOR) plus Jupiter plus pulsars galactic bursts

Atmospheric microwave attenuation (life protecting)

3G 2.1 GHZ/DME/TACAN 249.5 7.8 15.5 31.2 allows calcium efflux (1st biomolecluar motion/heartbeat etc)

GSM PULSE/TETRA PULSE/3G 256 oncogene induction

GERMAN RAILWAYS/VHF PAGERS 262.9 effect unknown

DME/TACAN 269.8 cell division effects

WARC 18.1 MHZ/VHF PAGERS/UHF TV /3G/WIFI 278.9 37 GHz ATP regulation

VHF PAGERS/WIFI 288 cell division effects

WIFI/3G 295.6 targets mitotic spindle

MEDICAL U/S/UHF TV/WIFI 303.1 20 MHz PLANT GROWTH

WARC BAND 10.1 MHZ, UHF TV 313.6 membrane permeability/immune system effects

H.F. HAM RADIO/UHF TV /GPS 324 11+22 GHz Brain activity

WIND TURBINE BCF/GSM/VHF FM RADIO 332.6 360 +770 GHz Protects reproduction

UHF TV/VHF FM 341.2 42.7 Sleep/brain waves

2G,3G 1800MHZ/GSM 353 Brain effects/growth retardation

MEDICAL U/S/VHF FM RADIO/UHF TV 364.7 Changes fibroblast growth rates

TETRA/VHF FM/UHF TV/DME/TACAN 374.4 23.4 Cell Cycle

WARC 24.89 MHZ 384 Kills bacteria

2G 835/900 MHZ/GPS 394.3 420 GHz Protects reproduction

GPS/DAB 404.5 kills bacteria

PMR RADIO/DAB 418.3 kills algae /tetragenic

RADIO WALES MW/2G/3G/DAB/UHF PMR 450 432 27.3 60 GHz Controls Slows cellular activity fine balance Schumann versus atmospheric microwave.

2G/3G 1800/GPS/UHF TV 443.6 56.2 kHz Control mitosis

MEDICAL U/S/GPS 455.1 14.3 Cell division and growth

MEDICAL U/S/OLD VHF TV/3G 470.6 Controls mitosis

VHF PAGERS 137 MHZ/DME/TACAN 486 8 MHZ Cell Division

Table 2

My further private research has allowed the specific bio-effects of individual frequencies within the group to be quantified and evaluated.

Using a portable spectrum analyser, I have found, perhaps as expected, that the radio frequency environment varies tremendously from one location to another. I decided to analyse locations with known cancer cases of animal and human cancer. I have noted time after time Locations where people are living with the most aggressive forms of cancer have been shown to have at least multiple frequencies which reduce by Euclid’s elements to 256 Hz, the oncogene induction frequency and at 374.4Hz the cell cycle frequency. This is not necessarily trying to say that RF exposure causes all cancers as I have published before RF radiation acts more as a promoter than an initiator. A typical example of the frequency analysis at a location where both human and animal cancer was found is shown in Table 3 below:

Atmospheric microwave attenuation ( life protecting)

No. of sources

249.5

7.8Hz

15.5Hz

31.2Hz

allows calcium efflux (1st biomolecular motion/heartbeat etc.)

256

WBBBR

ONCOGENE INDUCTION

3G +

GPS

262.9

WBBBR

269.8

WBBBR

278.9

37 GHz

ATP regulation

2 WIFI

288

WBBBR

CELL MULTIPLICATION

TETRA

295.6

WBBBR

303.1

20 MHz

PLANT GROWTH

313.6

WBBBR

324

11+22 GHz

Brain activity

332.6

360 +770 GHz

Protects reproduction

341.2

42.7Hz

Sleep/brain waves

353

WBBBR

364.7

WBBBR

374.4

23.4Hz

Cell Cycle

2 VHF FM/TETRA/UHF TV/GPS

384

WBBBR

394.3

420 GHz

Protects reproduction

404.5

WBBBR

418.3

WBBBR

432

27.3Hz

60 GHz

Controls Slows cellular activity fine balance Schumann versus atmospheric microwave.

443.6

56.2 kHz

Control mitosis

455.1

14.3Hz

Cell division and growth

470.6

WBBBR

486

8 MHZ

Cell Division

WBBBR=

Weak

broad

band

background radiation

Table 3.

Note, in table 3 above two anthropogenic frequencies are seen to impinge on the condensate known to cause oncogene induction and five on the condensate controlling cell cycle. It is presently confirmed that x and gamma ray radiation, chemical carcinogens and viral infections can lead to activation of oncogenes. Several activation modes are:

Point mutation

Gain exogenous promoters

Reduction of methylation level

Increased oncogene copy number

Gene translocation or rearrangement

However, the frequency mode is newly disclosed and thus aspects of which have been protected in my patent applications.

Accordingly, then I have shown that a very specific group of frequencies can kill bacteria and influence cellular processes to bring about the state we know as cancer. It logically follows that by similar mechanisms, it is possible to intervene in disease progression of such as infections and molecular diseases such as for example cancer by appropriate choice of frequency. Again I have already filed to protect these important aspects by patents.

Cancer drugs which are alkylating agents include chlorambucil, cyclophosphamide, thiotepa, and busulfan. are cell cycle phase nonspecific, meaning that they kill the cell in various and multiple phases of the cell cycle. Antimetabolites including purine antagonists, pyrimidine antagonists, and folate antagonists target specific parts of the cell cycle. Plant alkaloids are antitumor agents derived from plants. These drugs act specifically by blocking the ability of a cancer cell to divide and become two cells. Although they act throughout the cell cycle, some are more effective during the S- and M- phases, making these drugs cell cycle specific. Examples of plant alkaloids used in chemotherapy are actinomycin D, doxorubicin, and mitomycin. Antitumor antibiotics are cell cycle nonspecific. They act by binding with DNA and preventing RNA (ribonucleic acid) synthesis, a key step in the creation of proteins, which are necessary for cell survival. They are not the same as antibiotics used to treat bacterial infections. Rather, these drugs cause the strands of genetic material that make up DNA to uncoil, thereby preventing the cell from reproducing. Doxorubicin, mitoxantrone, and bleomycin are some examples of antitumor antibiotics. Large doses of anti-cancer drugs will kill more cells, greater amounts of drugs will produce more severe side effects.

The group of frequencies above used appropriately (Confidential and not fully disclosed here) can target the cell cycle either in a drug -free manner or augmenting drug effects and in a relatively side -effect free manner.

Modern cancer drug treatments target a number of biochemical pathways in addition to cell cycle. For example calcium channel blockers such as verapamil have recently been shown to sensitise resistant cancer cells to certain cancer drugs possibly due to a decrease in calmodulin activity as a result of a drug-induced alteration of the intracellular calcium environment. Advantageously I have also discovered a cancer treating frequency which has a similar mode of action.

Adenosine-5’-triphosphate (ATP) is the main energy source for all forms of work inside our cells. It has recently been found that even a short-term shortage of ATP supply can be fatal for cancer cells because activation of a mitochondria-addressed cell death pathway. specifically targets the altered energy supply chains of cancer cells, especially brain cancer cells to get theses cells to commit suicide. I have also discovered a group of frequencies which causes this to happen. These too are presently Confidential.

Elevated rates of reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been detected in almost all cancers, where they promote many aspects of tumor development and progression. However, tumor cells also express increased levels of antioxidant proteins to detoxify from ROS, suggesting that a delicate balance of intracellular ROS levels is required for cancer cell function. Further, the radical generated, the location of its generation, as well as the local concentration is important for the cellular functions of ROS in cancer. I also discovered a frequency which causes the fine tuning of ROS. This too is presently confidential.

Cancer cell undergo uncontrolled abnormal mitosis. These renegade cells escape the normal controls of mitotic cell division. I have also discovered a frequency which slows mitosis especially of cancerous liver cells.

Comprehensive patents have been filed on both frequency groups and apparatus for treatment.

Further work

Further work on the treatment side will involve securing the right partners to bring about animal and human clinical trials. Most likely I will form my own company to create the equipment.

Further work on the causation side will focus on much larger scale spectral studies of cancer cluster locations.

Acknowledgments

I wish to acknowledge my wife Gwyneth and my son Dwain for on and interesting discussions on the topic and Gwyneth especially for being my driver and lab assistant on some of the geo-spatial operations.

References

A comprehensive reference list will be published in due course but in the meantime and in the interests of human kind I am releasing the paper in Beta form as soon as possible.

1. http://bbs.hwrf.com.cn/downebd/35701d1231290960-m61101_3057.pdf

2. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/qua.560020505/full

3. http://www.biomag.net/testsite/index_htm_files/PEMF_Fx_abstracts.pdf

4. http://jeccr.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1756-9966-28-51

5. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16949995

6. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6093530

7. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3188936/

8. 8. http://www.nature.com/bjc/journal/v106/n2/full/bjc2011523a.html

9. http://pubmedcentralcanada.ca/articlerender.cgi?artid=1066776

10. https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=rCbOBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA480&lpg=PA480&dq=Kirson+(2007)+showed+that+low+intensity,+intermediate+frequency,+electric+fields+mitioc&source=bl&ots=LC0XHekv59&sig=kWCckCFqaO-_qJgU6G0PMfMBgXQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjauYa6-qvRAhXsDMAKHYaMACgQ6AEIJzAC#v=onepage&q=Kirson%20(2007)%20showed%20that%20low%20intensity%2C%20intermediate%20frequency%2C%20electric%20fields%20mitioc&f=false

11. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Michal_Cifra/publication/266479140_Vibrations_of_Electrically_Polar_Structures_in_Biosystems_Give_Rise_to_Electromagnetic_Field_Theories_and_Experiments/links/54b78e760cf2bd04be33a249.pdf

12. http://www.yeastgenome.org/reference/S000140874/overview